In Python 3, the expression "1000000000000000 in range(1000000000000001)" is relatively fast because it doesn't actually iterate through the entire range. Instead, it uses the concept of lazy evaluation and arithmetic to quickly determine whether the given value is within the specified range.
The range() function in Python 3 generates a range of numbers on-the-fly using arithmetic progressions. It doesn't precompute and store all the numbers in memory. Instead, it calculates the elements as needed.
When you use the in operator with range(), Python takes advantage of this to optimize the comparison process. It calculates whether the specified value is within the bounds of the range using mathematical operations, without actually iterating through each element.
Here's the example you provided:
python
print(1000000000000000 in range(1000000000000001))
In this case, the result will be True, because 1000000000000000 is within the range range(1000000000000001).
Python's use of optimized arithmetic operations for evaluating the in operator with a range is why the operation is fast even with large numbers.
It's worth noting that this optimized behavior is specific to the range() function and the in operator. If you're working with other iterable types, the performance characteristics might be different.
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