How do I exclude a directory when using `find`?

 

When using the find command in Unix-like systems, you can exclude specific directories from the search results using the -prune option. This option prevents find from descending into a directory that matches the specified criteria. Here's an example:

Suppose you want to search for all .txt files in a directory but exclude the exclude_dir directory from the search. Here's how you would do it:

bash

find /path/to/search -type d -name 'exclude_dir' -prune -o -type f -name '*.txt' -print

Explanation of the command:

1. find /path/to/search: Specifies the starting directory for the search.
2. -type d -name 'exclude_dir' -prune: This part identifies the exclude_dir directory and prunes it from the search. -prune prevents find from descending into this directory.
3. -o: Acts as a logical OR, separating the pruned directory condition from the desired file search condition.
4. -type f -name '*.txt' -print: This part searches for all .txt files (-type f specifies files) and prints their paths.

Replace /path/to/search with the actual directory you want to start the search from and adjust 'exclude_dir' to the name of the directory you want to exclude.

Here's an example with sample directory structure:

Suppose you have the following directory structure:

lua

/path/to/search
|-- exclude_dir
|   |-- excluded.txt
|
|-- included.txt
|-- subdirectory
|   |-- included.txt
|   |-- excluded.txt
|-- another_sub
    |-- included.txt
    |-- excluded.txt

If you want to search for all included.txt files but exclude the exclude_dir directory, you would run:

bash

find /path/to/search -type d -name 'exclude_dir' -prune -o -type f -name 'included.txt' -print

This would output:

bash

/path/to/search/included.txt
/path/to/search/subdirectory/included.txt
/path/to/search/another_sub/included.txt

Notice that the files under the exclude_dir directory are excluded from the results.